Organic Nitrates and Tolerance in Cardiovascular Diseases: Effects of Isosorbide-2-Mononitrate Compared to Traditional Nitrates

Bioactivation of organic nitrates and the mechanism of nitrate tolerance.

Organic nitrates, such as nitroglycerin, are commonly used in the therapy of cardiovascular disease. Long-term therapy with these drugs, however, results in the rapid development of nitrate tolerance, limiting their hemodynamic and anti-ischemic efficacy. In addition, nitrate tolerance is associated with the expression of potentially deleterious modifications such as increased oxidative stress,...

NEAT HFpEF: Organic nitrates fail to deliver

Received: 8 November 2015 Accepted: 29 January 2016 c © 2016 The Author(s), licensee Magdi Yacoub Institute. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution license CC BY-4.0, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Cite this article as: Wagdy K, Hassan M. NEAT HFpEF...

Nitrate tolerance, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial function: another worrisome chapter on the effects of organic nitrates.

A shortcoming in the clinical use of organic nitrates is the development of tolerance. Recent data have suggested that the denitrification of organic nitrates is mediated by mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase and that dysfunction of this enzyme is an important cause of tolerance. In this issue of the JCI, evidence in support of this hypothesis is presented in an in vivo model of nitrate toler...

Organic nitrates: past, present and future.

Nitric oxide (NO) is one of the most important vasodilator molecules produced by the endothelium. It has already been established that NO/cGMP signaling pathway deficiencies are involved in the pathophysiological mechanisms of many cardiovascular diseases. In this context, the development of NO-releasing drugs for therapeutic use appears to be an effective alternative to replace the deficient e...

Simultaneous measurement of plasma isosorbide dinitrate, isosorbide-2-mononitrate, and isosorbide-5-mononitrate by gas-liquid chromatography.